![]() Meringer and Mayer highlighted the role of familiar associations and similarities of words and sounds in producing the lapsus. Haplologies or fusion: Half one word and half the other, thus "stummy" instead of "stomach or tummy".Shift or Spoonerism: Moving a letter, thus "black foxes" - "back floxes".Deletions: Where an output element is somehow totally lost, thus "same state" - "same sate".Perseverations or post-sonances: Where a later output item is corrupted by an element belonging to an earlier one Thus "waking rabbits" - "waking wabbits".Anticipations: Where an early output item is corrupted by an element belonging to a later one, thus "reading list" - "leading list".Phonological (sound slips) - "flow snurries" instead of "snow flurries".Īdditionally, each of these five levels of error may take various forms:.Morphological level - "working s paper".Lexical/semantic - "moon full" instead of "full moon".Phrasal slips of tongue - "I'll explain this tornado later".Slips of the tongue can happen on any level: lapsus manus: slip of the hand, similar to lapsus calami.lapsus calami: slip of the pen With the variation of lapsus clavis: slip of the typewriter.In literature, a number of different types of lapsus are named depending on the mode of correspondence: In the seventies Sebastiano Timpanaro would controversially take up the question again, by offering a mechanistic explanation of all such slips, in opposition to Freud's theories. Jacques Lacan would thoroughly endorse the Freudian interpretation of unconscious motivation in the slip, arguing that “in the lapsus it is.clear that every unsuccessful act is a successful, not to say 'well-turned', discourse”. Īccording to Freud's early psychoanalytic theory, a lapsus represents a bungled act that hides an unconscious desire: “the phenomena can be traced back to incompletely suppressed psychical material.pushed away by consciousness”. Subsequently, followers of his like Ernest Jones developed the theme of lapsus in connection with writing, typing, and misprints. Psychoanalysis įreud was to become interested in such mistakes from 1897 onwards, developing an interpretation of slips in terms of their unconscious meaning. In 1895 an investigation into verbal slips was undertaken by a philologist and a psychologist, Rudolf Meringer and Karl Mayer, who collected many examples and divided them into separate types. In philology, a lapsus ( Latin for "lapse, slip, error") is an involuntary mistake made while writing or speaking. This article is about the term in philology.
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